Archive for category Education

Education, Education, bugger we’re independent where’s the money gone?

Another quick guest post from our pal Aidan Skinner. Commenters, like post authors, are encouraged to play the ball.

Mike Russell yesterday announced that students from England, Wales and Northern Ireland would have to pay fees of up to £9000 per year from 2013-2014 (there seems to be some muddle about what the position is on 2012-2013, no cap at all?). While clearly part of the SNP plan to plug the funding gap between Scottish universities this may not bring the level of income that he hopes – there was a 15% drop in the number of university students coming from England last year, presumably this move will cause those numbers to go off a cliff. But, for the sake of argument let’s assume that this does work as planned and our universities get a non-trivial amount of funding from it.

As soon as Scotland becomes independent it all disappears. Under EU rules we can’t charge EU students more than we charge Scottish students. There’s an exemption for students from within the member state that allows us to charge non-Scottish UK students but, after independence, they won’t be part of the same EU member state anymore. We can’t apply a quota to EU students, they have to be given access to Scottish institutions on the same terms as Scots. While the numbers are currently relatively low, approximately 16,000 at the moment, that still costs the Scottish government £75m each year. So we’ll either have to a) charge Scottish and EU students for university or b) offer free education for everyone through general taxation.

Now, much as I dislike the idea of tuition fees, I really don’t see how option b is feasible. We’d have a massive influx of students from rUK bringing no money with them.

So the logical conclusion is presumably that, post independence, the SNP would bring in tuition fees for all Scottish students. “Tuition Free with the SNP” becomes “Tuition Free with the SNP (until we achieve our primary goal, at which point you get Tuition Fees)!”.

Or is there a secret alternative plan?

HT to loveandgarbage for this idea.

Welcome to fees fantasyland (mind the credibility gap)

In the run up to the 2010 election, the Institute for Fiscal Studies released a compelling report that clearly stated that each of Labour, the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats were not being honest about what tax rises they would have to implement and what they would have to cut in order to match the promises they were making during the campaign.

In terms of a funding gap, Labour were 87% short, the Conservatives 82% and the Lib Dems 74%. An abysmal performance at a time when trust in politicians was already at an all time low and a moment that should have sparked national outrage despite a seemingly largely unperturbed electorate.

We have of course seen the Conservatives and Lib Dems have to show their full post-election hands now that they are in power. VAT rises, NHS overhauls, massive cuts and huge job losses are a large part of the gap between the 2010 promises and the 2010-2015 reality. Added to that, of course, is the raising of tuition fees to £9,000/year for many universities south of the border.

As I said in a recent post and will say again, spending decisions that take place at Westminster have a direct impact on spending decisions at Holyrood. How can a block grant taken from an overall budget that does not include free elderly care, free prescriptions, free tuition, billion pound bridges and a bloated public sector stack up against the Scottish political wishlist of freebies, jobs and social security for all? The simple answer is that it can’t. We either have to top that block grant up with more money, rearrange priorities or fall in line with the approach taken down south, including introducing painful tuition fees. So far we have done none of the above to the necessary extent so the remaining option is for the whole devolution process to fall down like a house of cards under the weight of wishful thinking.

One party (the Greens) is saying that education should be free but we’re going to have raise some taxes in order to pay for it, other parties (SNP, Lib Dems, Labour) are saying that education should be free but we don’t have to make any noteworthy sacrifices to deliver this. I’m sorry, but who from the above sound like they have a solid grasp of the financial reality ahead of us? Who makes electorally toxic suggestions of tax rises lightly?

When I wrote the post on tuition costs only yesterday, Labour and the Lib Dems had not made their position on fees clear. They now have, university education will remain free over the lifetime of the next parliamentary term unless there is a Conservative majority in place or, perhaps with a little bit of history repeating, a Conservative/Lib Dem majority.

The funding gap for further education is estimated by some political parties and bodies to be £93m by 2014/15; a gap which NUS has called “clearly bridgeable” and which Scottish Labour said in a reply to me on Twitter was “eminently bridgeable”. (I wonder who composes the feed for @scottishlabour, hey?)

The problem is, that £93m gap is the wrong figure. As the Scottish Government’s report itself shows, that £93m (£97m in the report itself) does not take into account inflation (currently running at 4% and set to increase) and is based on an average English fee of £6,000 which is contradictory to the Treasury’s expected average tuition fee in England of £7,500. The ‘correct’ assumptions state that the funding gap is actually £202m, more than double what Labour, the Lib Dems and perhaps even the SNP are using to quickly pull their manifestos together. This is creating a financial black hole that will no doubt go largely unnoticed until governing parties have to break election pledges to fix it. Why not face up to the challenge now and treat the public like adults is all I’m asking?

Tavish Scott, to his credit, has tentatively mooted doing away with some ‘universal benefits’ in order to pay for free tuition. Although no detail was put forward, free bus passes for the elderly, at £199m a year (and rising), may plug the gap but it remains to be seen how bullish the typically flighty leader will choose to be on this. It’s hard to imagine a party so full of rural MSPs advocating a complete scrapping on free bus passes for the elderly.

Labour, who felt the need to charge students for studying in the good years of ever-increasing budgets when they were in power, now think they won’t need to when sitting in the cold, hard seats of Opposition. The SNP has not yet formally announced its official policy for financing students through their studies but you can bet that the next swirl of this downward spiral of overpromising and under delivering is just around the corner.

The Conservatives and the Greens are the only parties with a credible position on this. Either students pay upfront or back-ended fees in the form of a graduate contribution or other direct payment or we accept that a graduate contribution already exists in the form of income tax and fees are made free for students by raising the necessary funds elsewhere.

I believe in the latter and would vote so accordingly, neatly sidestepping the parties whose arguments simply do not stack up.

We have already been led up the garden path by political parties in 2010, let’s try not to have it happen again in 2011.

Political freeze on fees is only delaying pain

It is now nine short weeks until the Scottish Parliament elections, the result of which may well take us up to 2016, and we are somehow no closer to solving the mounting problem of how Scottish students should finance their studies.

Seemingly fearful of the power that Doc Marten-clad, Ipod-swinging, Twitter-pounding, Countdown-watching young ‘uns can wield, the parties at Holyrood have remained largely silent on the matter, hedging their bets with scattershot proposed solutions that may or may not solve the financial problem. There has been no grasping of the thistle as yet though.

It is a relatively simple quandary that Scotland faces too. Westminster is spending less south of the border and specifically spending less on universities so Scotland, with a diminished block grant, can choose to match those cuts to further education or cut elsewhere to safeguard student funding. We do not currently know what the Scottish Government intends to do, whichever party(ies) make it up next term.

It is worth asking the question – when will this logjam break? In time before the next election? Iain Gray has not moved a policy muscle recently and it is unlikely that Scottish Labour will campaign on higher Council tax and higher fees. The SNP will presumably play a zero sum game where as long as they stay just ahead of Labour in terms of policy, vision and strategy then they are not going to do anything too radical either but may well have to bite the bullet after May, Clegg-style. The other parties, already at risk of losing out from a two-horse race for Holyrood power, are hardly likely to make themselves less popular by aggressively pushing the case for significantly higher fees in Scotland.

So on we dance in our merry little waltz.

It’s not that I don’t understand the predicament that our politicians are in. It is the public I blame most of all for wanting to have their cake and eat it. Most parties believe in the fundamental concept of a free university education, the Greens, the SNP, the Lib Dems and, most of the time as far as I am aware, Labour.

However, our constitutional setup does not allow enough flexibility in the tax system to raise the necessary cash. Will Calman change that? Probably not. Will we have a referendum on full fiscal autonomy or independence? Again, probably not. What are ‘the people’ going to do about it? Probably nothing.

We have four years of inertia ahead of us before the first real opportunity to lift the weight of the coalition Government’s decisions from our constricted chests, starting with student funding. Four years that look set to be plagued with political half-measures and more Parliament squabbling.

Again, I don’t really blame the politicians. If we’re going to vote for the party that is offering us the least pain despite the financial reality that Scotland faces, then we are effectively asking to be lied to.

Perhaps it’s time for an actual National Union of Those Studying

Newsnight screen grabA motion of no confidence in Aaron Porter will be brought at NUS conference, and the frustration in the ranks is understandable. When the exceptionally well-attended main protests were being organised around the Westminster votes, NUS held separate events that few attended. He’s even had to admit he’s been “dithering“.

There have been exceptionally determined student occupations, showing a real commitment to challenging the Tory government, but as Paul Mason’s outstanding report on Newsnight last week showed, the leadership has in many cases come from the secondary school pupils “from the slums of London”. These are the kids who will pay the fees (or more likely be deterred by them), and these are the kids whose EMA is being taken away. No wonder they’re at the front of the marches.

Yet they’re not NUS members: the direct membership of NUS consists of students’ unions, not individual students, and this feels like a contributory reason for the avowed dithering. The leadership of NUS has always been too close to Labour, although this was even more obvious when Labour were introducing fees without their opposition.

It’s time for something new, a genuine national union for those in education, including at school. Perhaps NUS could become it, or perhaps it should be something entirely new. I’m pretty sure either way it would be a bit more radical.

Student funding – there’s plenty of blame to go round

The Lib Dems are rightly the focus of ire today and for this session, even if one sees it as deliberative democracy in action. However, the list of parties who’ve got it wrong on fees is much longer than that, and it seems unfair to let the others off the hook.

1989 protestsThe Tories were the first to attack access to higher education. In 1989 they began whittling the grant system for poor students away and replacing it gradually with loans, and a generation redoubled their loathing of them.

Adam Tinworth has some classic protest pictures from that period here.

The new New Labour Government in 1997 then squarely broke a pledge to students and their landslide voters. Their manifesto said: “The improvement and expansion needed cannot be funded out of general taxation. […] The costs of student maintenance should be repaid by graduates on an income-related basis, from the career success to which higher education has contributed.” A graduate tax, in other words, roughly equivalent to Labour’s current plans.

1997 protestsBut Blunkett and Blair then used the Dearing report to bring in fees and abolish grants (despite the latter having specifically been against Dearing’s recommendations), and this move became their first major let-down in office. As noted here before, the newly oppositional Tories fought the proposals alongside non-NUS universities, although I was advised by a senior Tory MP “never to trust us if we get back into government”.

Enough space has been spent pointing out the Lib Dems’ inconsistency here and elsewhere, and I won’t add to that, except to say that anyone unsure of the scale of their hypocrisy should watch the start of this ironically-titled broadcast very carefully.

The SNP have historically been supportive of students, but even here there are straws in the wind suggesting a shift. They have a green paper coming out next week on higher education, and Mike Russell gave an ambiguous quote in advance. “What we won’t do is have upfront tuition fees”, he said, before promising “major changes”. Given that we currently have no fees at all in Scotland, thanks to a vote by SNP, Green & (ironically) Lib Dem MSPs, students would be forgiven for anxiety about what those “major changes” might be. A return to fees paid later, the old Lib Dem/Labour position? A new graduate tax, however hard that would be to shoehorn into the current powers of the Scottish Parliament?

2010 protestsJust to return to the principles, education that’s free for all is not a holiday camp perk for the middle classes. Neither fees nor an additional graduate tax are required so students pay society back – if they earn more, they pay more income tax back, and graduates in employment contribute through their work, whether it’s for the private sector, for voluntary organisations, or for the public sector. That’s what Labour’s 97 manifesto said, effectively.

Access to higher education should be on the basis of academic potential and desire to attend and learn, not income level, and anyone who argues that no-one has been deterred by fees is simply wrong in fact. That’s not just the right for individual students – it’s also what the country needs. It’s an unequivocal social good for the brightest and keenest to go on to further and higher education, irrespective of their wealth or their attitude to indebtedness.

As a St Andrews graduate, I certainly knew plenty of people who went to university because their parents were rich and it was expected of them, and I also know plenty of people who didn’t go to university because the opposite was true. That was the era before fees, when it was bad enough already.

All three of the Westminster parties of government have got this wrong in the past. Much as it would be in the Greens’ short-term interest to be the only party committed to free higher education based on academic ability, not to pay, I do hope the SNP won’t go the same way next week.

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